![]() ![]() ![]() The lockdown measures, despite being widely approved by the public opinion, were also described as the largest suppression of constitutional rights in the history of the republic. ![]() This followed a restriction announced on the previous day which affected sixteen million people in the whole region of Lombardy and in fourteen largely-neighbouring provinces in Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, Piedmont and Marche, and prior to that a smaller-scale lockdown of ten municipalities in the province of Lodi and one in the province of Padua that had begun in late February. Additional lockdown restrictions mandated the temporary closure of non-essential shops and businesses. On 9 March 2020, the government of Italy under Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte imposed a national lockdown or quarantine, restricting the movement of the population except for necessity, work, and health circumstances, in response to the growing pandemic of COVID-19 in the country. shutdown of all non-essential businesses and industries (23 March–3 May)Ībout 60 million people quarantined (Italian population).under-surveillance quarantine of infected persons.suspension of teaching in schools and universities.closure of commercial and retail businesses, except essential goods sellers and banks.limitation of free movement, except in cases of necessity.As a result, this widespread and micromanaged governmental action has created new and effective administrative processes of regional–national cooperation in public health, but it has also triggered distrust toward the way in which public authorities managed the pandemic during the different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. In hindsight, the Italian government did not narrowly tailor the lockdown measures or lift them in those regions with limited infections. Rather than tailoring the regulatory measures according to the impacted regions, the government imposed a long and widespread lockdown throughout the country by means of an overregulation and bureaucratization of social life, which produced high human and economic costs for the country. After the President of the Italian Republic suggested stronger parliamentary involvement in the executive lockdown measures, the legislative branch began to give full legal force to the governmental provisional regulations. However, the Italian model was implemented at a high cost, due to the overextension of executive action and the lack of territorial differentiation. By highlighting the initial missteps, we can understand how this turned into a productive national and regional coordination model through a learning-by monitoring process. This Article focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the Italian model. These measures included quarantine or lockdown throughout the Italian territory, together with the revamping of hospitals, followed by economic recovery packages to address the standstill of the national economy. What has come to be known worldwide as the Italian model to fight COVID-19 was a series of governmental measures undertaken in early 2020 to reduce the contagion of a deadly virus ravaging the northern regions of Italy-especially Lombardy, Veneto, and Piedmont. ![]()
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